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Thursday, March 12, 2015

Appealing in Earnest


Immediately after the State of the Union address last January, Sen. Joni Ernst from Iowa, answered the President of the United States on behalf of Republicans. In her relatively short appearance, she claimed not to be responding to Barrack Obama, but rather, addressing the priorities of the American public. In her speech, she relies heavily on several different appeals, concessions, testimonies and anecdotes to influence the thought process of her audience. Her arguments were obviously crafted with the rhetorical tools used in modern day persuasion, attempting in this manner to convince the audience that Republicans have better answers for the country's most pressing issues.

In her opening line, Joni Ernst’s usage of appeal to Character is obvious: ”I am Joni Ernst. As a mother, a soldier, and a newly elected senator for the great state of Iowa, I am proud to speak with you tonight.” Since roughly 50% of the population is female, she explicitly tries to sympathize with all of the women in the audience due to the fact that most are, or will become mothers in the future. Even males—we all love our mothers dearly. I would say most males hold their mothers in high esteem and profound admiration. The point here is: as a mother, Sen. Ernst attempts to get a universal appeal.

Few institutions in the U.S. command the respect that the military so proudly enjoy, especially lately, with US troops conducting, as we speak, heated campaigns throughout the Middle East against extremist “prime-timed” pervasively by the media.  When Ernst reveals her identity later in the speech as a Cornel of the National Guard—which might come as a surprise to many—she instills in the audience a deep sense of gratitude and indebtedness that most Americans share for their Armed Forces today, regardless of party affiliation.

In addition, the fact that Ernst presents herself as an Iowa Senator could imply here a dual meaning in her agenda of strategies. First of all, being a Senator means not only having attained a public office of grand stature and admiration, but also one of great power and influence. Ensconced in her position of authority, she has better chances of influencing the general public than any mortal middle manager flaunting a $100 suit.

Moreover, the fact the Republican Party chose someone from Iowa to convey this message carries an underlying significance. Iowa is usually the first real probe for any politician who wishes to be president. According to experts, winning the  in the Iowa Caucuses is a clear indication of how that particular candidate will do in relation to others in the following election. The fact Senator Ernst was born—and represents—the “great” state Iowa, in a way validates her as proxy for the average American; that same American who decides who the next president shall be.

Nothing gets Americans more riled up than the word “terrorism.” It injects into society a barrage of emotions that culminate in aversion, discomfort, and pronounced belligerence. Sen. Ernst seems to be aware of this, as she pinpoints the recent Charlie Hebdo attacks in France. By stating that “…we have been reminded of terrorism’s reach both at home and abroad;” she wisely appeals to emotions—specifically fear, which has been used throughout history to effectively manipulate the masses. Furthermore she cries that the terrorists could care less about the innocent.  Most of us belong to the ranks of the innocent I would say. So, by default, once again, she is subtly appealing to everyone.

A concession is a powerful device for any discourse—or paper—especially in academia, where refuting someone else’s claims is nothing unusual. By saying it is important to acknowledge the different perspectives available in “this great country,” and later by thanking the President for saying it, not only denotes chivalry on her behalf, but also suggests her own points are so strong, that admitting the other side’s, will not sway public opinion in any manner.  

Sen. Ernst supports her appeal with personal testimonies and anecdotes that could draw tears from some audience members. Ernst states: “You see, growing up, I only had one good pair of shoes. So on rainy school days, my mom would slip plastic bags over them to keep them dry.” By involving mom, the big yellow bus, and the rush to school, she taps into memories all too familiar to a fair portion of citizens.

Then, continuing with emotion and heaps of nostalgia she states, “But I was never embarrassed, because the school bus would be filled with rows and rows of young Iowans with bread bags slipped over their feet.” Call it affected speech or a weighting account, you decide.

She concludes her anecdote by saying, “My parents did not have much, but they worked hard for what they did have.”  Here she goes as far as disclosing personal details uncomfortable to reveal . Ernst, nevertheless, uses this testimony to evoke feelings, and to appeal to those who have experienced similar economic situations.

Throughout her appearance that evening, Sen. Ernst also appeals to need; the need to change a great number of things, especially those dealing with money.  In one of her lines, she claims that Washington's "dysfunctions" have wounded and discouraged the general public so much, that these errors can be felt on a daily basis at home, and not only apparent in the news.  Obviously, she was referring to the economy.

Furthermore, she objects by saying “…our [local] neighbors agonize over stagnant wages and lost jobs,” and in addition, by asking,” Will he sign the [Keystone] bill, or will he block good American jobs?” Here, she urgently demands and appeals to the need for more jobs; jobs that are hard to find now- a-day according to her.

 Another rhetorical tool present here is the appeal to values. She implies throughout the speech that everyone in the country is convinced that Obamacare, for example, is hurting everyone. She also suggests that every citizen in the US is behind Keystone pipeline because it will provide jobs and cash for the dismal economy. Furthermore she claims that Americans need not to be privileged in order to “make a difference.” She tacitly reiterates that the values of an “ordinary Iowan like [her],” perhaps should be the ones that represent the whole nation.

Finally, Sen. Ernst definitely turned to her repertoire of strategies as she sold to the audience her Republican views. More than likely, those very conservative ones sided with her rhetoric, while democrats—and perhaps those undecided—might have thought that her cameo was not of their preference. Despite the outcome, her speech deliberately uses many of the appeals and support used in modern-day arguments; the same exact ones discussed and analyzed in class.

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